Project Proposals on Management of Key Habitats
PROMOTING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF RAMSAR SITES AND DEVELOPING PARTICIPATORY AND
INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
1. IDENTIFIERS
Project Number: HAB2
Project Title: Promoting the establishment of RAMSAR sites and developing participatory and integrated
approach for river basin management in Sub-Saharan Africa
Requesting Country (ies):
The Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa,
Tanzania.
Potential country to join the project or welcome: Mauritania
Requesting
National Organization: Ministry of Coordination of Environmental Affairs (Mozambique)
Ministry of Environment and Sciences and Ministry of Waters and Housing
(Ghana)
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (Kenya)
Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja (Nigeria)
Ministry of Environment (Senegal)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (Tanzania)
Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) (South Africa)
Ministry of Environment (The Gambia)
Executing Agencies:
Department of Parks and wildlife Management (The Gambia)
Office of the National Parks of Senegal (Senegal)
Tana & Athi River Development Authority (TARDA) (Kenya)
Water Resources Commission, Volta River Authority (Ghana)
UEM (Eduardo Mondlane University UNESCO Chair of Marine Sciences and
Oceanography) (Mozambique)
Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR), Nigerian
Conservation Fund (Nigeria)
Department of Forestry and Beekeeping (Tanzania)
Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT), KwaZulu-Natal
Wildlfie, Western Cape nature Conservation, Northern Cape Nature Conservation,
South African National Parks (South Africa)
Required National
Partners:
The Gambia: National Environment Agency (NEA), Local Community members
Department of Community Development (DCD), Action Aid The Gambia,
Department of Forestry, Department of Fisheries
Ghana: Water Resources Commission, Department of Wildlife, Volta River
Authority, Densu Basin Management Board and Ministry of Tourism
Kenya: Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Kenya Wildlife Services,
National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) KESCOM, Coast
Development Authority (CDA)
Nigeria: Niger/Benue River Basin Authority, Niger Delta Developing Authority,
National Conservation Fust, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine
Research (NIOMR), Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Federal Ministry of Water
resources, State Ministry of Environment.
Mozambique: DNA (National Directorate of Water), GPZ (Zambezi valley
development authority), UEM (Eduardo Mondlane University) (Mozambique);
Tanzania: Ministry of Water and Livestock, Rufiji Basin Development Authority
(RUBADA)
South Africa: Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT),
KwaZulu-Natal Wildlfie, Western Cape nature Conservation, Northern Cape
Nature Conservation, South African National Parks.
Priority Issue Addressed: Modification of Habitats and Ecotones, Modification of Stream Flow
(Freshwater shortage and excess water), sustainable exploitation of estuarine
and coastal resources, erosion and salt intrusion in the estuaries; protection
of breeding and spawning grounds, maintenance of biological diversity.
Regional Scope:
Southern Africa, East Africa, West Africa
Project Location:
Tana Delta (Kenya); Rufiji River Basin (Tanzania); Incomati, Zambezi
River/delta (Mozambique); St. Lucia (South Africa); Western Gambia
(Baobolong Wetland Reserve) Delta du Saloum in Senegal (The Gambia);
Niger Delta, Lagos, Elcet, Niger/Benue Catchment (Nigeria); Volta, Densus
Basin (Ghana); Delta of the Senegal River (Senegal).
Orange river mouth, Langebaan lagoon, St. Lucia (South Africa)
Project Duration:
5 years
Working Group
of the African Process
Management of key habitats.
2. SUMMARY:
River basins and associated wetlands and estuaries are often associated with nursery, breeding and spawning
grounds of some key marine and terrestrial species. They are, thus, habitats that sustain important
ecosystems, from which availability of natural resources are dependent. These resources have a considerable
contribution in the economy of coastal states and constitute the basis of livelihood of most of the coastal
communities. A sound good management of river basin and wetland is required as to maintain these
ecosystems and the associated resources.
The present project proposal aims at promoting good practices of river basin and wetland management,
through knowledge sharing and setting of demonstration sites, thoughtfully, considerable effort have been
made and experiences in this area exist in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The main activities will consists of promoting the establishment of RAMSAR sites, promoting participatory
and integrated approach in the river basin and wetland management, establishing a network of shared river
basin initiatives and wetland protection.
It is expected that the present proposal would result in an improvement of breeding, nursery and spawning
environments, which in turn would result in the increase in the availability of resources and in the
maintenance of biodiversity. The increase in the availability of resources would contribute to the well being
of the communities and in the development of the coastal countries. Thus, this project contributes to the
poverty alleviation and to the promotion of sustainable development - the ultimate goal of the African
Process and of NEPAD.
3. COSTS AND FINANCING (MILLION US $)1
International & bilateral sources:
Required
financing
by
potential
source :
Subtotal
international
financing
:USD
3.500
Co-financing:
Governments
in
cash
&
kind
:
Subtotal
Co-financing
:USD
1.500
Total Project Cost:
:USD 5.000
4. GOVERNMENT ENDORSEMENT(S)
Hon. John Kachamila, Minister of Environment of Mozambique
Ministry of Environment and Sciences and Ministry of Waters and Housing (Ghana);
Mrs Fatimata DIA TOURE, Director of the Environment and Classified Establishments (Senegal)
Federal Ministry of Environment (Nigeria)
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (Kenya)
Minister for Natural Resources and Tourism (Tanzania)
Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) (South Africa)
5. GOVERNMENT FOCAL POINT(S)
Mr. Evaristo Baquete, Ministry of Environment of Mozambique
Water Resources Commission and Department of Wildlife (Ghana)
National Environment Agency (NEA), Department of Parks and Wildlife Management (DPWM (Gambia)
Mrs Fatimata Dia Toure, Director of the Environment and Classified Establishments (Senegal)
Dr. C.O.Dublin-Green, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (Nigeria)
Department of Botany and Institute of Marine Sciences (UDSM) (Tanzania)
Department of Environmental Affairs & Tourism, South Africa
Managing Director, Tana and Athi River Development Authority, Kenya
Director-General, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) (South Africa)
6. AFRICAN PROCESS WORKING GROUP FOCAL POINT(S)
Dr. Antonio Mubango Hoguane (Moz)
Mrs Helena Motta (Moz)
Mr A.K. Armah (Ghana)
1 This budget is preliminary and has not undergone a full consultation process with the respective countries.
Therefore, it does not indicate the actual financial commitment that would be provided by participating
countries once the project proposal and its components are finalised.
1.1.1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
1.
Background & Justification
Sub-Saharan Africa region is the poorest in the World; The average GDP per capita is about USD500. The
economy and livelihood of the African people depends mostly from the exploitation of natural resources.
Over 40% of African population live and gain their livelihood out of coastal and marine resources. The
population grow at an average rate of about 3% per annum. The resources, though renewable, are limited. On
the other hand, the struggle for alleviation of poverty coupled with the even increasing population growth,
impels to the overexploitation of resources, the use of unsustainable harvesting practices and the consequent
destruction of the habitats that sustains the resources.
The future of African people is increasingly threatened if strategic and adequate planning are not timely
adopted. Political will, among the African states, to collectively join effort to addressing common issues
towards sustainable exploration of natural resources and conservation of environment has been expressed in
few occasions. The Nairobi and Abidjan conventions, and more recently, the PACSICOM and the African
processes are some evidences of high awareness, amongst African politicians, of the environmental problems
and threats they impose in the availability of resources and in the well being of the people in Africa.
The present programme of intervention is a result of a long technical and political processes that started in 1998
during PACSICOM, continued as African Process since the Cape Town Conference held in December 1998.
This programme of intervention is guided by the recognition of the importance of coastal and marine areas and
their resources in the overall development of Africa, considers the threats imposed both by man and the natural
processes in the availability of the resources, the challenges for sustainable use of these resources due, in part, to
the conflicting interventions in the coastal zones and also, due to our lack of understanding of the ecosystem
structure and functioning, and above all, by the recognition of the transboundary nature of the issues.
The rivers are of particular interest because they are linked to the habitats that sustain ecosystems, besides being
resources themselves. River water is demanded for different, and sometimes, conflicting interests. In addition,
most of the rivers cross over several countries. Protocols governing the use of shared rivers have been celebrated
between different African countries. However, application of these protocols has been hampered by the limited
knowledge of the water and river runoff requirements for different water utilities, lack of capacity and political
will, limited capacity in the executing agencies. Of particular concern, is the absence of consideration of the river
runoff requirement for the health of the down stream ecosystems in most of the river runoff management
models. This is, partially, due to the fact that the teams that traditionally discusses and sets the river management
models are mainly composed by hydrologist, civil engineers, agriculturist. Environmental and socio-economic
scientists have been seldom taking part in these discussions. Indeed, the ideal, but difficult procedure to
implement is to involve all the stakeholders (that include social as well as natural and social scientists, local
communities, decision-makers, all along the river basin, regardless the country boundaries) in all aspects of the
river basin management.
In the Sub-Saharan Africa, the manipulation of hydrological cycles through river dam construction was
experienced. Nearly all the river systems in the West and Central African region have been regulated by the
construction of dams for hydroelectric power or irrigation purposes. The result has been a considerable
alteration in the sediment discharge and flow rates of these river systems, with profound effects on the
coastal zone.
The main issue addressed in this project proposal is the degradation of river-dependent ecosystems, such as the
related wetlands and coastal habitats, with particular emphasis to spawning, nursery and breading habitats, due to
shortage or excessive of freshwater. Thus, the immediate problem to be addressed by the present project is the
modification of stream flow due to human activities. River runoffs are increasingly diverted to meet the
agricultural, urban, industrial and energy production demands at the expense of the water quality, health of the
ecosystems and of the associated natural resources. In addition, inadequate land use practices have caused
changes in the river courses, have accelerated erosion, increased siltation, and caused drop in the water quality
and have, further, resulted in the degradation of habitats. All these have impact on the availability of natural
resources, the health of population, the population's standards of living, and the economy of the countries
concerned. The intermediate problems include the water quality, availability of natural resources and human
health.
Promoting an integrated river basin management concept
The present proposal will help promoting the principles of integrated river basin management, through
promotion of dialogue between the stakeholders, both at national and at the international levels. The project
will promote the establishment of new network of river basin stakeholders and linkages between the existing
networks, to enhance the sharing of knowledge, experiences and lessons learned in the integrated river basin
management in Sub-Saharan Africa. Pilot demonstrative sites will be established where new concepts can be
tested, and if successful, transferred to other places in Africa. Multidisciplinary research will be conducted in
the pilot sites. This will consists of a series of studies to determine the river requirements for the prosperity
of the downstream ecosystems, considering other demands of river water such as industry, urban and
agriculture development. An optimum distribution of the river water resources would be determined for
given space and time. This knowledge would contribute to improve our understanding of the ecosystem
structure and functioning and would help in the adoption of the effective integrated river basin management
measures.
Enhancing the protection of habitats (wetlands)
Wetlands, in particular, are protected by the RAMSAR Convention. The project will encourage the
establishment of a RAMSAR sites in East, South and West Africa. Multidisciplinary studies to determine the
structure and functioning of the wetland ecosystems and for determining adequate management measures
will be conducted in pilot sites. The RAMSAR sites shall involve the local population. Classical protection
concept had failed in some places because of excluding the population that have been living in the sites, and
gain their living out of the resources associated with these wetlands, for generations. Hence, participatory
models of management of wetlands shall be encouraged in project implementation site. Successful results
could be transferred to other sites. A network of RAMSAR sites should be established for sharing
experiences and lessons learned.
Community participation sustainability
The involvement of local communities is crucial. Local communities should be involved, not only because
they are the ultimate beneficiaries but also because their contribution in the search for solutions, mitigation
and prevention of the problems, would enhance their ownership. Local/traditional knowledge should be
understood and good practices should be applied as much as possible in the solution of the problems
identified. This would ensure ownership and sustainability of the intervention.
The main priority of the African countries is the alleviation of poverty, conservation of nature with particular
emphasis in maintenance of biological diversity, and promotion of sustainable development. The present project
proposal, since it concerns protection of habitats (river basin and wetlands) that supports diverse ecosystems,
would contribute towards the maintenance of biological diversity. Further, because these ecosystems sustain
resources that provide the basis of living for the local communities and support the economies of the coastal
states, it would contribute towards alleviation of poverty and towards sustainable development.
The project will contribute, further and indirectly to, a better health of the local communities since the
availability of natural resources, particularly fisheries and fauna, would improve the protein intake by local
people. Improvement of the water quality would reduce the incidence of the waterborn disease.
options and ongoing efforts to address the above would be acknowledged and built upon (linkages to
national initiatives and international projects) to eventually select a recommended course of action.
2.
Objective & Expected Results:
The overall objective of the project is to promote integrated river basin and wetland management and
therefore enhancing the productivity of ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Africa. These will be achieved through:
(i)
Establishing a network of stakeholders for promoting and sharing best practices of integrated and
participatory river basin management;
(ii)
Promoting the establishment of RAMSAR sites to protect key wetland sites;
(iii)
Reducing pressure on the natural resources in the wetland ecosystems in pilot sites.
This project is to be implemented in pilot demonstration sites in selected river basins and wetlands. In the
selection of the sites the following two main criteria will be considered, among others: (a) shared
watercourse and/or shared wetlands (e.g. The Gambia / Senegal initiative) and (b) interaction between river
system and coastal and marine ecosystem (e.g. Zambezi, Incomati).
The expected results are as follows:
(i)
For the major river basin systems in Sub-Saharan Africa:
- A network of stakeholders that are active in the pilot demonstration projects dealing with river basins
established.
- River basin and wetlands for the implementation of the project selected.
- Report on the minimum ecological river flow regime produced for the selected river basin and wetlands.
- Reports on the state of the conservation of the designated ecosystems produced.
- A network of the river basin stakeholders established in the pilot demonstration sites.
- Awareness materials/campaigns/training courses to promote best practices produced.
- Integrated river basin management concept is promoted and good examples are shared and replicated in
other river basins.
- Meetings/seminars and visits of the stakeholders in the different river basin and wetland sites organized.
- Manuals and review documents providing guidance to governments and practitioners produced.
- Joint river basin committees established in the selected river basin.
(ii)
New RAMSAR sites established and existing ones supported.
- A list of the wetlands with notorious ecological value produced for Sub-Saharan Africa.
- A list of the wetlands proposed for RAMSAR produced for Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Awareness material/campaigns for designation of these Wetlands RAMSAR sites.
- A network of the river basin stakeholders established in the pilot demonstration sites.
(iii)
Pressure on the ecosystems reduced in the pilot demonstration wetland sites.
- Alternative livelihood activities, other than direct exploitation of natural resources, identified in the
project sites.
- Alternative livelihood practised in the pilot projects sites.
- Committees of co-management of the resources established and fully operational.
3.
Project Components/Activities:
The project will consists of basically two main components, one for sharing experience on river basin
management and another one for sustainable development and protection of wetlands, and these are:
1. A network of stakeholders in selected river basins mobilised for sharing knowledge and experience and
for developing a common vision of best management of river basins;
2. Pilot demonstrative projects supported for the sustainable development and conservation of wetlands
with involvement of local communities.
As such there would be two set of pilot sites, one for river basin systems (i.e. building on existing projects,
enhancing the sharing and producing guidelines, studies, etc.) and one for wetlands (focusing on both
sustainable development through livelihood options and protection through RAMSAR sites).
Component 1. To establish a network of stakeholders in selected river basins for sharing knowledge
and experience and for developing a common vision of the river basins and wetlands management.
Exchange of ideas and experiences will be encouraged. This would contribute to raising awareness, building
common understanding, setting common vision and integrating effort in addressing issues of common
interest, i.e. the need to adopt integrated and participatory management approaches. The stakeholders will
include: local community, decision makers, governments and private sector. ).
This is a step towards developing mechanisms for an effective decision-making and planning in the river
basins and associated wetlands. Special attention will be given to the integration of existing information and
studies in support of a development vision and long-term natural resources management that should take into
consideration the various interests in the river basin and associated habitats.
Activity 1.1. Identification and selection of the river basins and wetlands for the implementation of the
project
Activity 1.2. Identification and analysis of the stakeholders.
Activity 1.3 Establishment of a regional internet-based reference collection and active information exchange
network with discussion forums.
Activity 1.4 Dissemination of the information on the need for integrated management through meetings,
seminars, electronic and public mediums (public awareness). Awareness materials/campaigns/training
courses will be developed to promote best practices. A series of regional workshops will be organised to
further facilitate the sharing of information and experience amongst the selected river basins and wetlands.
Activity 1.5 Through a participatory process and with support from the local communities and stakeholders,
conduct a) studies for determining the minimum ecological river flow regime in the pilot demonstration river
basins and wetlands and b) studies on the state of the conservation of the ecosystems. Appropriate training
courses will be developed and run for enhancing the involvement of the local stakeholders in the process.
The studies will contribute to improving the understanding of the river influence on downstream ecosystem
and understanding how the riverine dependent ecosystems are structured and function. The bulk of activities
would include: the determination of the nature of the interaction between land and ocean in the estuaries; the
linkage between river and wetlands; and the determination of the runoff ecological requirement for the health
of the downstream ecosystems. Further the studies will be conducted through a participatory process and
involving as much as possible the local stakeholders, i.e. local NGOs, local authorities, etc. Particular aspects
of the studies may have to be carried out by international and/or experienced specialists.
Activity 1.6 In each selected site and through participatory exercises, development of a common
management vision and a plan of action. This may involve support to the establishment of joint river basin
management committees, that involve the local communities and sectoral representatives (i.e. urban developers,
agriculture planners, dam managers).
Activity 1.7 Elaboration of manuals and review documents based on experience carried out in the selected
sites and providing guidance to governments and practitioners.
Component 2. To support pilot demonstrative project for the sustainable development and
conservation of wetlands with involvement of local communities
Activity 2.1. Identification/selection of demonstrative sites
Activity 2.2. Consultation engaged with local stakeholders to reach a common vision for the sustainable
management and protection of the selected sites
Activity 2.3. Studies prepared to assess the relevance and appropriateness of designation of RAMSAR sites
to protect particular and representative wetland habitats
Activity 2.4. Initial documentation and lobbying for the establishment of new RAMSAR sites
Activity 2.5. Identification of alternative activities that can generate income to the local community, other
than direct exploitation of the natural wetland resources.
Activity 2.6: support to the implementation of selected alternative livelihood initiatives. This may involve
the establishment of and support to local committees of co-management of the resources.
Alternative livelihood should be identified in the basis of the local conditions and will be specific to the site.
Activities such as pilot fish farms, vegetable farms and bee keeping (honey harvesting) are among the
potential income enhancing activities that may be promoted. Theses activities would result in the
conservation of the ecosystems as well as in the improvement of the standard of living of local community.
The main activities of this project are summaries in the table below. It calls for a five-year implementation
period. The first year of the project will consist of establishing the facilities for the implementation of the project.
This would include the setting of project co-ordination and implementation structures at local and regional level;
logistic arrangements and selection of the pilot project sites, in consultation with local stakeholders. In the
second year, research and studies for helping to shape the future activities of the project will be conducted. In
addition the participatory and consultative process will be engaged to develop a common vision for the
management of the sites.
Main activities and time frame.
Activities
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Genetral
Establishment of the project management structures
Establishing a network of stakeholders in selected river basins
Selection of the implementation sites (river basin)
Identification and analysis of the stakeholders
Establishment of a regional internet-based networks
Conduct studies for determining the ecological river flow regime
and on the state of the conservation of the ecosystems
Development of a common management vision and a plan of
action through seminars, workshops and public meetings
Dissemination of the information on the need for integrated
management (incl. education and awareness)
Sustainable development and conservation of wetlands
Identification/selection of demonstrative sites
Consultation engaged with local stakeholders to reach a common
vision for the sustainable management and protection of the
selected sites
Studies prepared to assess the relevance and appropriateness of
designation of RAMSAR sites to protect particular and
representative wetland habitats
Initial documentation and lobbying for the establishment of new
RAMSAR sites
Identification of alternative activities that can generate income to
the local community, other than direct exploitation of the natural
wetland resources
Support to the implementation of selected alternative livelihood
initiatives. This may involve the establishment of and support to
local committees of co-management of the resources
4.
Linkages to Other National or Regional Activities / Transboundary Aspects
The present proposal, because is concerned with the conservation of river and coastal habitats can be considered
as one of the ways for the implementation of the Nairobi and Abidjan Conventions. Further, it can be linked to
the UN convention on biodiversity, the UN convention on Law of the Sea, Agenda 21 on sustainable
development at the Rio Summit and the Oslo and Paris convention. On a sub-regional context this projects ties
in with the Project Concept Notes developed by SADC's Water Support Co-ordination Unit (WCSU),
notably PCN 8 "Support for the implementation programme for SADC Protocol on Shared Watercourses.
There are quite a number of initiatives that could be linked or contribute to the success of the present project.
Within the programme of intervention, the following are relevant to the present proposal: Control of erosion,
establishment of marine and coastal protected areas, and provision of the alternative livelihood other than
exploitation of fisheries. The present proposal could contribute to the project on pollution in the estuaries and
wetlands.
Initiatives outside the programme of intervention that are linked to the present project include:
- LOICZ initiative. This could contribute in understanding the interaction between river and coastal habitats.
- GIWA. this could help in the assessment of the impacts of the river and river management in the coastal
ecosystems.
- IUCN wetlands. IUCN has been active in promoting the conservation of wetlands, through designation of
RAMSAR areas.
- GPA/LBA Integrated Coastal and River Basin management
UNDP/RBA/GEF are implementing several projects aiming at maintenace of biodiversity and in the portfolio of
shared rivers in Africa. Some of these projects are: Benguela LME and Gulf of Guinea LME, Senegal River,
Agulhas biodiversity initiative, Mnazi and Jonazi-Chwaka Bay in Tanzania. The projects on Agulhas LME and
Somali LME ecosystems are being prepared.
The Department of Parks and Wildlife Management (DPWM) in Gambia, is currently implementing its
national plan of action as developed within the context of the Ramsar Convention. Therefore at the national
level this project will link up with the current initiatives of co- managing the Delta du Saloum which extends
from Senegal into the wetland areas of the Baoblong Wetland Reserve in Western Gambia. This co-
management approach has been the result of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed at the
Ministerial level between The Gambia and Senegal in 2001 aimed at the sustainable use of the Wetland
resources by both the Gambian and Senegalese communities living within the area.
5. Demonstrative
Value
&
Replicability:
The issues of river basin management are often common. In addition, most of the rivers are of transboundary
nature. Hence, the projects of management of river basin are often replicable or transferable. However, the
project may need to be adjusted for the specific conditions of the site for which is transfer to. With regard to
the wetlands, efforts are being made world-wide for their conservation. Gathering of experiences in different
wetland systems is in course. Experiences form one system, if not literally transferable, could benefit the
others.
6.
Risks and Sustainability
The present proposal is designed on the basis that financial and necessary logistics will be available. In the
absence of these, the implementation of the project might be difficult.
The major risks associated with the present project are the difficulty in identification and bringing together
all the stakeholders. There are many in a single country, let alone when considering the countries in a shared
river basin. Building a common understanding between the stakeholders might be also difficult, since there
are several and with different backgrounds and interests. Some of the interests are conflicting. This is,
however, the challenge of the project. The project can be considered successful if it can bring over 50% of
the stakeholders to the table of negotiation/debates.
The project is likely to be rejected by the dam operators as it calls for ecological release of river water, which
often contradicts with the purpose most of the dams were built for (i.e. for regulation of the flow). The main
sectors that could offer major resistance to the project are the hydropower and irrigation.
The identification and provision of alternative livelihood, other than direct exploitation of natural resources,
and alternatives for firewood (where possible) for the local community is absolutely important, for without it
the pressures on the ecosystems, particularly on wetlands, would hardly be reduced.
Some of the risks can be reduced by adequate education and awareness and through strengthening the
legislation. In addition, funds and other required resources should be guaranteed to implement the project.
Generally, the level of risk associated with the proposed project is acceptable in the context of the clear need to
support this resource sector in the Sub-Saharan Africa and the stated commitment to this process.
Sustainability of the project will be assured by building local capacity to continue the activities. The project
puts emphasis on the capacity building both in the provision of basic infrastructures as well as the human
development through desired training. These would no doubt assure sustainability.
During the implementation of the project, local community, local expertise and local institutions should be
involved as much as possible. This should assure ownership and continuity. The development of the present
project proposal, and of the overall project of intervention had involved wide consultation in the countries'
institutions and experts. Local decision-makers, governments and local experts should be involved as much
as possible. This assured ownership and is a step forward towards sustainability. The implementation of the
project should be steered and carried by locals as much as possible.
7.
Stakeholder Participation
This project links with all relevant stakeholders at the village, national and regional level, for it is concerned
with common resources and/or transboundary resources. The main stakeholders include:
- Government, research and higher education institutions.
- NGO's, local communities.
- International organisations such as: LOICZ, IOC, GIWA, GWP, IUCN, WWF-ecoregion
- Private sectors such as: river authorities, tourism, agricultural and fisheries sectors.
Sound and integrated management of these resources can not be achieved without the involvement of all the
stakeholders. The present project proposals envisage the involvement of all the stakeholders. Appropriate
approaches to involve and assure full participation and mutual benefit of all stakeholders should be adopted.
These would include:
· Involvement of locals in the implementation of the project;
· the creation of consultative committees;
· public meetings;
· informal consultations with stakeholders;
· the publication of discussion papers; and
· the use of public media to inform and provide a forum for discussion and promotion of the active
role of local NGOs.
8.
Project Management & Implementation Arrangements
For the implementation of the present project an adequate project management/co-ordination structure
should be established. The structure should have regional and national secretariats. The regional secretariat
would be responsible of co-ordinating and ensuring harmonisation of the implementation of the project, by
providing necessary logistics to the implementing institutions and should ensure linkages between the
implementing institutions in different countries. The national secretariat (or leading national institution)
would be responsible for national activities, identifying and ensuring the participation of relevant institutions
and organisations in the implementation of the project at the national level, and ensuring linkages between
the implementing institutions and the regional co-ordinating secretariat.
The project is not intended to duplicate the existing institution, but rather, to use much of the existing
facilities. So, the secretariats may be hosted by existing regional and national institutions. Potential national
leading institutions are indicated in paragraph 1. "Executing Agencies", above. Regional secretariat may be
hosted by regional organisation such as UNESCO, UNEP, SADC...
The community must be involved since the planning stage of the activities and in the implementation of the
project at the local level, particularly in the implementation of the management strategies at the local level.
During the research and studies, the community might provide valuable information, particularly regarding
the traditional knowledge, which could complement modern sciences. The involvement of local community
is an assurance of the ownership and of the sustainability of the results of the project.
9.
Project Financing & Duration
The project should last for five years and the total coast of the project should be about USD 5,000,000.00
Local institutions are expected to contribute in kind.
The major components of the implementation of the project are as follows:
· Project management this might take about 10% of the budget. It refers to the cost of the management
of the project both at the regional and national levels. Includes salaries, overheads, rental of offices and
all costs referring to the day-to-day of the management of the project.
· Research and studies estimated at about 20% of the total budget. Refers to both basic and applied
studies required to developing management plans and procedures for sustainable use of river basin and
wetland resources.
· Establishing RAMSAR sites About 25% of the budget. Refers to the activities required to identifying
and nomination of potential RAMSAR sites, as well as to setting basic conditions for their management
(i.e. management plans and structures).
· Implementation of the demonstrative projects about 30% of the budget. Refers to implementation of
the participatory approach management of selected sites (i.e. river basin and/or wetland). It includes
setting management structures and supporting the implementation of management of the habitats with the
fully involvement of the local community.
· Establishing networks about 15% of the total budget. Refers to the establishment and operation of the
network of river basin and wetland sites, for knowledge sharing.
Table 1.
Component & Activity Financing
External Source of Funds2
National
Total
Government
USDx103
Source 1
Source 2 Source 2 Cash
In-kind
Project management
200,000
300,000
500
Component 1.
To establish a network of stakeholders in
1,300,000
450,000
1,750
selected river basins for sharing knowledge
and experience and for developing a
common vision of the river basins and
wetlands management.
Activity
1.1
Activity 1.2
Activity 1.3
Activity 1.4
Activity 1.5
Activity 1.6
Activity 1.7
Component 2
To support pilot demonstrative project for
2,000,000
750,000
2,750
the sustainable development and
conservation of wetlands with involvement
of local communities
Activity
2.1
Activity
2.2
Activity 2.3
Activity 2.4
Activity 2.5
Activity 2.6
Total
5,000
Note: This budget is preliminary and has not undergone a full consultation process with the respective
countries. Therefore, it does not indicate the actual financial commitment that would be provided by
participating countries once the project proposal and its components are finalised.
10. Monitoring,
Evaluation
&Dissemination
Project steering committees at all levels (e.g. at the project implementation sites, at national and at regional
levels) should be set. The composition of the project steering committees should include representatives of
government, target community, implementation and funding agencies. The steering committees should meet
regularly (twice a year) to analysis de progress of the activities and plan the future activities with due
adjustments.
Project monitoring and evaluation will be both participatory and continuous with quarterly progress
reporting and reviews. A mid term project review will be conducted with a view to determining the validity
of the initial assumptions, and where necessary re-orient the project as appropriate to reflect the prevailing
situations on the ground.
There should be an internal and external evaluation. The internal evaluation should be conducted by a team
set/approved by the steering committee. The external evaluation should be conducted by a team set/approved
by the project steering committee at the regional level. During the evaluation, both quantitative and
qualitative indicators shall be used in the process of monitoring and evaluation and will include the
following:
· Assessment reports on improvement of river basin management
2 Insert one column for each proposed source of co-financing
· Number of broad based regional joint Basin Committees formed
· Inter-net based reference data base created for exchange of information
· Number of pilot sites created to demonstrate integrated river basin and wetland management
· Number of RAMSAR Sites established in Sub Saharan Africa
· Number of sensitisation sessions conducted to create awareness in river basin/wetland management
· Written and oral evaluations of the project's contribution to sustainable use of the river basin/wetland
· Local Communities evaluations of the benefits derived from the implementation of the project
11. Work Plan and Timetable
Table 2 :
Outline Work Plan and Timetable
1.2
Year3
1 2 3 4
5
1.3
Quarter
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2
Establish project
management structure
Component 1
To establish a network of
stakeholders in selected
river basins for sharing
knowledge and experience
and for developing a
common vision of the river
basins and wetlands
management.
Activity
1.1
Activity 1.2
Activity
1.3
Activity 1.4
Activity 1.5
Activity 1.6
Activity 1.7
Component 2
To support pilot
demonstrative project for
the sustainable
development and
conservation of wetlands
with involvement of local
communities
Activity
2.1
Activity
2.2
Activity 2.3
Activity 2.4
Activity 2.5
Activity 2.6
3 Use as many columns as required to cover the entire period of project activities.
ANNEX
Logframe Matrix
Summary Objectively
verifiable
Means of Verification
Critical Assumptions and
indicators
(Monitoring Focus)
Risks
Overall goal of the
intervention
To promote integrated Number of stakeholders
Reports and interviews
No political diversions in
river basin and wetland involved in the discussions
views and approaches
management and
of management strategies.
enhancing the productivity
of ecosystems in Sub-
Saharan Africa.
Objectives of the relevant
National Programs and the
country, regional strategy.
1. Establishment of
network of river basin
and wetlands
1. Network of
stakeholders of at least
Reports, interviews
Difficulty in bringing all
2. Promotion and
four river basins and
the stakholders, since they
supporting activities
four wetlands
are many and have
of integrated and
established
different interests
participatory river
(sometime conflicting) and
basin and wetland 2. Ecological and social
background
management
issues considered in the
management of river
3. Promoting the
basin and wetland
establishment of
RAMSAR sites
3. Committees of co-
management of natural
4. Reducing pressure on
resources established
the natural resources
in at least four
in the wetland wetlands
ecosystems.
4. At least four new
RAMSAR sites
established
5. Alternative livelihood
identified and
implemented in at least
four wetland sites.
Outcomes that lead to the
achievement of the
outlined regional and
national objectives.
Changes due to
intervention (project
impact)
1. River basin and
Multidisciplinary teams
Reports, interviews
No further major dam
wetland management
involved in the discussion
development
improved
of river and wetland
management, particularly
2. Integrated and
the environmentalists and
participatory
social scientists
management approach
widely considered.
Communities and private
sectors involved in the
3. The health and
management of river and
productivity of the
wetlands
ecosystems improved
Biodiversity at least
maintained, biomass of
flora and fauna increased.
Results to be delivered by
project which will enable
necessary changes (project
outputs)
1. Network established
Technical reports produced Resources and funds
in at least four river
available to carry research
basin and four
and studies
wetlands
2. Awareness material
produced and
Reports, interviews
campaigns organised
Integrated research
Resources and funds
on the need for
conducted
available to carry research
integrated
and studies
management approach
Resources and funds
available to establish and
3. Demonstrative project
run the committees
of co-management of
2 Management plan per
wetlands established
designated river basin
in at least four
wetlands
Resources and funds
available to establish and
4. Demonstration
run the network
projects on alternative
livelihood established
in at least four
Difficulty in identification
wetland sites
of sustainable livelihood
activities because it would
Directory of the
depend from place to place
stakeholders per river
Committees at the river
basin
basin and at the national
level
Resources and funds
Technical reports
available to establish and
run the RAMSAR and
countries commitment
At least 30% of the
stakeholders linked by
internet
Research and studies
conducted
3 Reports
At least four new wetlands
designated for RAMSAR
Components/Activities to
be implemented in order to
obtain planned results
(Project components)
1. Identification and
selection of the river 1. River basin and
Technical reports produced Resources and funds
basins and wetlands
wetlands for the
available to carry research
for the
implementation of the
and studies
implementation of the
project selected.
project
2. Stakeholders in the
2. Identification of the
designated river basins
stakeholders.
and wetlands (at
Reports
national and regional
Resources and funds
3. Establishment of an
levels) identified.
available to carry research
internet-based
and studies
reference collection 3. A network of the river
and active information
basin stakeholders
exchange network established in the pilot
with discussion demonstration sites.
forums.
4. River basin and
Resources and funds
4. Conduct studies for
wetlands for the
available to establish and
determining the implementation of the
run the committees
minimum ecological
project selected.
river flow regime and
on the state of the 5. Report on the
conservation of the
minimum ecological
ecosystems in the pilot
river flow regime
demonstration river produced for the
basins and wetlands.
selected river basin and
wetlands.
Reports
5. Dissemination of the
Resources and funds
information on the 6. Reports on the state of
available to establish and
need for integrated
the conservation of the
run the RAMSAR and
management through
designated ecosystems
countries' willingness
meetings, seminars,
produced.
electronic and public
Directory of the
Resources and funds
mediums.
7. Awareness materials stakeholders per river
available to establish and
/campaigns/training
basin
run the network
6. Establishment and courses to promote best
support of committees
practices produced.
Reports
Resources and funds
of co-management of
available
the resources.
8. Meetings/seminars and
visits of the
7. Support the
stakeholders in the 4
establishment of joint
different river basin
river basin
and wetland sites
management
organized.
committees, that
involve the local
9. Manuals and review
Difficulty in bringing the
communities and
documents providing
all the stakeholders
sectoral representatives
guidance to
together, because they are
(i.e. urban developers,
governments and
many, with different
agriculture planners,
practitioners produced.
background and interests,
dam managers).
and sometimes have
10. Wetlands for the
conflicting interests
8. Promote the
implementation of the
establishment of project selected.
further RAMSAR
sites
11. Committees of co-
management of the
9. Conduct surveys and
resources established
stakeholder's
and fully operational.
consultations to
identify the alternative 12. Joint river basin
activities that can
committees established
generate income to the
in the selected river
local community, basin.
other than direct
exploitation of the 13. New RAMSAR sites
natural resources.
established in the Sub-
Saharan Africa.
10. Implementation of the
alternative livelihood
activities identified.